1. Introduction to Statistics
Definition and importance of statistics
Nature and scope of statistics
Relation to allied subjects
Uses and misuses of statistics
2. Types of Data
Primary and Secondary data
Quantitative and Qualitative data
Discrete and Continuous data
Time series, Spatial series, and Cross-sectional data
Ordinal and Nominal data
3. Collection of Data
Characteristics of a questionnaire
Definition of Schedule and Pilot Survey
Designing questionnaires and schedules
Concept of outliers
4. Presentation of Data
Textual representation
Tabular representation
Diagrammatic representation:
Line diagrams (multiple axes)
Bar diagrams (horizontal, vertical, multiple, divided)
Pie diagrams
5. Frequency Distribution
Definition and construction of frequency distribution
Cumulative frequency distribution
Graphical representation:
Column diagram
Step diagram
Ogive
Histogram
Frequency curve (different types)
6. Measures of Central Tendency
Definition and importance of central tendency
Different measures:
Arithmetic Mean (AM)
Geometric Mean (GM)
Harmonic Mean (HM)
Properties including AM ≥ GM ≥ HM
7. Index Numbers
Definition and types (Price Index, Quantity Index, Value Index)
Construction methods for Price Index numbers
Various Price Index formulae (Laspeyres’, Paasche’s, Fisher’s)